The word "Rif" is an Arabic word meaning "the edge of cultivated area." The Rif Berbers are actually made up of 19 tribes: 5 in the west along the Mediterranean coast, 7 in the center, 5 in the east, and 2 in the southeastern desert area.

Despite the rugged environment, these people remain bound by strong family traditions. Their farming is done mostly by hand, providing a meager crop at best. Influenced by a Mediterranean climate, the winters are mild and the summers hot and dry. Along the coast, it is humid in the summer months.

What are their lives like?
In contrast to the Southern and Central Shilha, raising livestock plays only a secondary role in the lives of the Northern Shilha. They grow some sorgo (grain) for feed, but the fig and olive trees that cover the mountain slopes make up their principal resources. Incomes are supplemented through job opportunities in major cities of Europe. In fact, such jobs lure up to one-third of the male population for most of the year.

In rural communities, the effects of modernization are scarce, despite government projects to aid farm production. The Rif often reject these efforts as being an intrusion upon their culture and traditions.

Rif houses are usually built of stone and have flat roofs. Some of the poorer people live in wood huts plastered with mud. Houses are often placed on ridges or other such locations, at least 300 meters from the nearest neighbor. This proves to be strategic in times of defense.

The Shilha women wear long, colorful dresses and head scarves. The men wear the traditional djellaba cloak, which is made of wool or cotton with wide sleeves and a hood. They also wear turbans, which are distinctive and unique to each particular tribe. Younger men often wear western style clothing.

The Northern Shilha follow a traditional Muslim, male-dominated family structure. When the man dies, each son sets up his own household, and the cycle continues.

Education is strictly a male privilege, but it does not have a high priority. If a family has many sons, they may send their third and fourth sons to an Islamic school.

Overpopulation and poverty are big problems among the Rif. Too many children, insufficient crops, and increasing migration of the young men to the European cities are all major concerns.

What are their beliefs?
The Northern Shilha are 99.6% Muslim; however, their religious practices are based more on traditions and the decisions of the community judges than on the Koran. Their societies are organized around two main systems: Islam and the tribe. However, there are many differences between urban and rural societies. In urban areas, orthodox Islam prevails; whereas, in rural societies, ancient beliefs and customs are intermingled with their Muslim faith.

Although the Northern Shilha have been one of the most responsive Berber groups to Bible correspondence courses offered by radio, there has been no known Protestant witness living among them for at least a century. Some progress has been made among the Rif migrants in urban centers.

What are their needs?
The Northern Shilha have not taken advantage of the educational opportunities available to them, apparently not realizing their importance. Modern farming methods are desperately needed to aid farm production in the mostly arid soil.

Although portions of the Bible and a Christian witness are accessible to them, a majority of the Rif have not yet heard the Gospel.

Prayer Points

• Take authority over the spiritual principalities and powers that are keeping the Shilha bound..
• Ask the Lord to call people who are willing to go to Morocco and share Christ with the Northern Shilha.
• Pray that the doors of Morocco will soon open to missionaries.
• Ask God to strengthen, encourage, and protect the small number of Northern Shilha Christians.
• Pray that God will raise up qualified linguists to translate the Bible into the Tarifit language.
• Ask the Holy Spirit to soften the hearts of the Northern Shilha towards Christians so that they will be receptive to the Gospel.
• Pray that God will open the hearts of Morocco's governmental leaders to the Gospel.
• Ask the Lord to raise up a strong local church among the Northern Shilha by the year 2000.

See also the following Groups:
The Saharan Berbers;
The Riff Berbers of Algeria, and France;
The Central Shilhah of Algeria, Morocco, and the Berbaber of France;
The Southern Shilhah of Algeria and Morocco;
The Kabyle Berbers of Algeria, Belgium, and France;

THE PEOPLE

• People name: Northern Shilha
• Country: Morocco
• Their language: Tarifit
• Population: (1990) 1,408,100
  (1995) 1,563,700
  (2000) 1,715,200
• Largest religion: Mulsim (Malakite) 99.6%
  Baha'i 0.2%
• Christians: <1%
• Church members: 2,502
• Scriptures in their own language: Portions
• Jesus Film in their own language: Available
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: Available
• Mission agencies working among this people: 4
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 643,600 (42%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 80,700 (6%)
  Those evangelized from the outside: 562,900 (36%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 920,100 (58%)

• Country: Morocco
• Population: (1990) 24,123,000
  (1995) 26,789,100
  (2000) 29,385,300
• Major peoples in size order: Moroccan Arab 41.1%
  Arabized Berber 12.3%
  Southern Shilhah 8.9%
  White Moor 8.0%
• Major religions: Muslims 99.6%
  Christians 0.2%
• Number of denominations: 20